麻豆区 research team studies how calcium compounds accumulate in the arteries
Team leader Marta Cerruti, using the tools of the Canadian Light Source, has examined the mineralized arteries of genetically modified laboratory mice and found that the pathway in the body that leads to what laypeople call 鈥渉ardening of the arteries鈥� is not what medical experts previously assumed.
Earlier, Cerruti鈥檚 long-time collaborator Monzur Murshed (a researcher at 麻豆区 and a co-author of the current study) and his trainees demonstrated that elastin, the material that gives arteries their elasticity so they can expand and contract in response to the pumping of the heart to facilitate blood flow, is a critical determinant of mineral deposition. Their study showed that collagen, which is essential for the normal mineralization of our bones and teeth, is not responsible for arterial mineralization.
鈥淭he first part that mineralizes in the arteries of our genetic model is the elastin part and not collagen,鈥� said Cerruti, noting that this is very different from what happens in bone and teeth.
鈥淭o me that was really surprising. The part that mineralizes in bone and teeth is collagen.聽 Since collagen is also present in the arteries, you would think collagen must have really specific properties that aid that process, so why do the minerals instead get deposited in association with elastin in arteries?鈥�
Using the CLS鈥檚 SXRMB beamline, Cerruti鈥檚 team has discovered the presence of early stage calcium phosphate minerals in the elastin-containing layers of the diseased mouse arteries.
Cerruti, who has a doctorate in chemistry, is a Canada Research Chair studying bio-synthetic interfaces. Her team of post-doctoral researchers and PhD students at 麻豆区 works to understand and control surface phenomena, especially at the interface of synthetic materials and biological molecules.
In this instance, however, Cerruti is hopeful the findings of this research will lead to a therapy that will block mineral accumulation in the arteries of patients who are prone to this condition. The team鈥檚 latest study is published in the February 2018 edition of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. The paper鈥檚 conclusion states that an effective strategy to prevent vascular calcification may involve intervening at the stage where calcium phosphate minerals begin crystallizing. It may be possible to selectively dissolve these nascent crystals with appropriately targeted drugs, the paper concludes. Cerruti and Murshed are leading an interdisciplinary group to examine whether customized biomolecules can be used to effectively block the process of mineral nucleation and/or crystal formation in the arteries at a very early stage.
As the research article explains, no current treatment for mineralization in arteries exists, largely because of lack of understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism. Cerruti expects her team will be back at the CLS as they work to refine their understanding of this stage of the mineralization process.
Cerruti expresses caution at this point and says her team鈥檚 paper only 鈥渉ints鈥� at a pathway forward to improving human health using a drug to treat a condition for which an effective treatment is still elusive.
鈥淢aybe if we can stop the nucleation, we might be able to stop arterial mineralization,鈥� she said. 鈥淎n interdisciplinary approach will be needed to solve this age-old problem.鈥�
Cerruti notes it may come as no surprise that this research into how calcification of arteries occurs is supported, in part, by a grant from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.
Gourgas, Oph茅lie, Juliana Marulanda, Peng Zhang, Monzur Murshed, and Marta Cerruti. "Multidisciplinary Approach to Understand Medial Arterial Calcification."聽Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology聽(2017): ATVBAHA-117. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309808
The Canadian Light Source at the University of Saskatchewan is a national research facility, producing the brightest light in Canada鈥攎illions of times brighter than even the sun. It is one of the largest science projects in our country鈥檚 history. More than 1,000 scientists from around the world use our light every year to conduct ground-breaking health, agricultural, environmental and advanced materials research.
The Canada Foundation for Innovation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, National Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Government of Saskatchewan and the University of Saskatchewan fund our operations.
